Names and Attributes of Allah

The Most Gracious, The Most Compassionate/ The Most Merciful

Al RAHMAN AL RAHEEM

الرحمٰن الرحيم

And they are two majestic names that are frequently mentioned in the Noble Qur’an.
Allah, the Exalted, said:“And your god is one God. There is no deity except Him, the Ever Merciful, the Especially Merciful.”
[Al-Baqarah: 163]

{The Ever Merciful (Allah) Istawa (rose over) the (Mighty) Throne (in a manner that suits His Majesty)}
Surah Ṭā‑Hā (Chapter 20), Verse 5

And if you want to understand this, then reflect on the words of the Exalted: {And He was, to the believers, Especially Merciful} [Al-Ahzab: 43].
And His words: {Indeed, He is to them Kind and Especially Merciful} [At-Tawbah: 117].
This indicates that this type of mercy is specific to the believers.
And there is no occurrence of The Name Ar-Rahmān ( Entirely Merciful to His servants) nor (Entirely Merciful to the believers).

Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“Ar-Rahmān refers to the attribute of mercy that is intrinsic to Him, while Ar-Rahīm refers to its connection to those whom He shows mercy to. So the first is related to the attribute itself, and the second to the act of showing mercy.”

Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Allah has divided mercy into one hundred parts; and He retained with Him ninety-nine parts, and sent down to earth one part. Through this one part creatures deal with one another with compassion, so much so that an animal lifts its hoof over its young lest it should hurt it”.

Another narration is: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Allah has one hundred mercies, out of which He has sent down only one for jinn, mankind, animals and insects, through which they love one another and have compassion for one another; and through it, wild animals care for their young. Allah has retained ninety-nine mercies to deal kindly with His slaves on the Day of Resurrection.”[Agreed Upon].

The mercy of a mother,,,A mother, with her great mercy toward her child, is in fact only a part of that single mercy which Allah sent down to the earth.Her mercy is therefore limited, and also tied to a need — she needs to be merciful to her children, so she sacrifices herself for them, worries for them, and stays up sleepless nights when they are sick. All this shows that her mercy, though immense, is deficient and imperfect.But Allah does not “need” to be merciful; He is completely Self-Sufficient. Mercy is an eternal attribute of His essence, free from any deficiency or limitation. His mercy encompasses everything, while the mercy of a mother barely encompasses her children.

And to Allah belongs the highest example.

و هما اسمان جليلان كثر ورودهما في القرآن الكريم
:قال تعالى
{ وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ }
[ البقرة: 163 ]

5 : ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ عَلَى ٱلْعَرْشِ ٱسْتَوَىٰ} طه}

وإذا أردت فهم هذا فتأمل قوله تعالى: {وَكَانَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَحِيمًا}[الأحزاب: 43].
وقوله تعالى:{إِنَّهُ بِهِمْ رَؤُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ}[التوبة: 117].
و هذا يدل على أن هذه الرحمة خاصة بالمؤمنين
ولم يجىء (رحمن بعباده )، و لا (رحمن بالمؤمنين)

قال ابن القيم رحمه اللَّه: إن ( الرحمن ) دالٌ على الصفةِ القائمة به سبحانه، و( الرحيم ) دال على تعلقها بالمرحوم ( أي بمن يرحمهم اللَّه )، فكان الأول للوصف والثاني للفعل.

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قال‏:‏ سمعت رسول الله ، صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول‏:‏ “جعل الله الرحمة مائة جزء فأمسك عنده تسعة وتسعين، وأنزل في الأرض جزءا واحداً، فمن ذلك الجزء يتراحم الخلائق حتى ترفع الدابة حافرها عن ولدها خشية أن تصيبه‏”‏‏.‏

‏”‏وفي رواية‏:‏ ‏”‏إن لله تعالى مائة رحمة أنزل منها رحمة واحدة بين الجن والإنس والبهائم والهوام، فيها يتعاطفون، وبها يتراحمون، وبها تعطف الوحش على ولدها، وأخر الله تعالى تسعاً وتسعين رحمة يرحم بها عباده يوم القيامة” ‏(‏‏(‏متفق عليه‏)‏‏)‏ ‏.‏

الأم برحمتها العظيمة بولدها إنما هي جزء من تلك الرحمة الواحدة التي أنزلها الله إلى الأرض فلذلك رحمتها محدودة و لأن رحمتها ليست بذاتية و لكن مرتبطة بحاجة، إذ هي تحتاج ان تكون رحيمة بأطفالها و لذلك تضحي بنفسها من اجلهم، و خوفها عليهم إذ تسهر ليالي إذا مرضوا . كل هذا يدل على نقصان رحمتها و ليس من كمالها و الله لا يحتاج ان يكون رحيماً لأنه الغني بذاته و الرحمة صفة قائمة بذاته منذ الأزل و لا يعتريها أي عجز او نقص فرحمته وسعت كل شئ و رحمة الأم بالكاد تسع أطفالها
و لله المثل الأعلى.

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